Mikhail Gorbachev and the collapse of Communism

in Russia, by 1990, Communism collapsed in Russia. By 1960, Russia faced many problems such as poverty. people in Russia wanted their own choices and wanted to earn what they deserve. Then Russia was completely broke. So Mikhal Gorbachev came in leadership. He wasntent like the last leaders who wanted to make the country communistic, he wanted to make soemthing that will help the people. He started to change the original idea of communism and later on, he started another new Russian revolution. He introduced Russia with a new economic system which was called, perestroika. He wanted to revive the society and wanted a productive economic system. In 1985 he discribed a system of society which is called glasnost.

Collapse of Communism

The collapse of communism was a grate event in history. Its the time when the cold war ended which was being continuous for so long time. During the cold war, there was a wall called The Berlin Wall which separated the communists countries and the democratic countries. later in the collapse of communism, the Merlin wall was broken down. In 1989 the wall started to break down. First there was only one purpose where the people wanted to make a road. Later on regular people took it down completely. There was many reasons for the collapse of communism, the government system wasn't appropriate enough to support the idea of communism. It became close to dictatorship. the government leader had too much power and started to take all the money of the country. So the country faced many poverties. Later on they couldn't keep up with the capitalists finance so the people decided to tore down the idea of communists. Another reason was that the people wanted to have more choices to their life. They didn't wanted to be same to each other, they wanted to be their own individuality. so they wanted to ban the idea of communism. They broke down the Berlin bridge, the symbol of communism.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid system is where the nation and all the national system is divided by race and color. In this system through 1948 to 1994, black, brown, Indians or any other non white people didn't have enough rights in society. They were always payed small amount of money even though its their country. But the white and the European people earned all the money of their country. After world war II, the people in these countries started to fight for their freedom. They no longer wanted to be ruled by these European country. they wanted their own country and wanted own nationality. Almost every country had their own strong leader. Nelson Mandela was one of them who fought for their own country among African nations. He was sent to jail for 27 years just because he was working against the government. Finally when he was released from jail, people of his country wanted to make him president and later when he was released, his people voted him leader of his country. Today his country works as an idle to show the fight against racism.

African Independence

around 1955, Africa realized that The British countries were controlling most of Africa. But the European countries were also fighting among themselves. They figured that they no longer want to be controlled by these European countries who can't stop fighting among themselves. The countries began to grow the feeling of nationalism in them and wanted to form their own country. So they started to fight their way to independence and later on when the European countries left Africa, they successfully created their own country. They needed someone to help them which almost all country had, a strong leader. Suck as, Leopold Senghor. Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, Mau Mau, Mobutu Sese Seko, Ahmed Ben Bella. They all fought to get their own country and finally Europe left the African countries and gave them their own freedom.

Film Lesson: "The Right Stuff"

This movie shows the Space Race that was held in the Cold war. During the cold war, the two major superpowers, the U.S. and the Russia help the most advanced space program and they had a race against who can go to space first. The U.S and the Russia had proper space technology. But they were still struggling to find who can put the first men on space. Russia managed to put the first man on space when the U.S. put a money instead so in that term the Russia won the race. But later on the U.S. put the first man on the moon and Russia couldn't go that fur. so eventually, later on the U.S. won the space race later on.

The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis was the time when the world got closest to having nuclear war. The Soviet Union missiles were less stronger then the U.S. army. so they were desperate for military in 1962. Fidel Castro was looking for a way to prevent the attack from U.S. to Cuba. So when the Soviet Union wanted a way to defeat the U.S. the Cuba let them build missile in Cuba. Later on the U.S. found out that there were missiles hidden in there by reconnaissance photographs and prepared missiles. The U.S. got ready to lunch missile and sent agreement to remove those missiles in Cuba. The Soviet Union first sent an agreement that they will remove if the U.S promises to not invade Cuba, and later on they promised that they will remove if the U.S removes their missile in Turkey. But later on the soviet Union removes their missiles and after that the U.S promised that they wont invade Cuba. Thus the crises ended in October 28th in 1962.

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

The countries in north America and Europe made up the organization called NATO. This organization was mainly formed to help the member countries to help in war. If one country get attacked then the other member countries of NATO can jump and help in war. Up until 1950, the NATO was an agreement for the U.S. to protect other countries.
Warsaw pact: This pact includes most of the countries of the Soviet Union and the satellite countries. It was created in the response of the North Atlantic Treaty. It was created in may 14th, 1955. It was also created to help the member and alliance countries. The member countries were, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania. but later in 1991 the Warsaw pact was canceled.